Journal: International journal of epidemiology
431
Physical assault in the previous year and total and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a case-control study of men aged 25-54 years
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published over 4 years ago
- Discuss
Violence has important health effects. The results of exposure to physical violence include, but may not be limited to, death from suicide and homicide. The connection between the experience of assault and risk of death from causes other than homicide and suicide has rarely been examined.
375
The influence of school on whether girls develop eating disorders
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published almost 5 years ago
- Discuss
Clinical anecdote suggests that rates of eating disorders (ED) vary between schools. Given their high prevalence and mortality, understanding risk factors is important. We hypothesised that rates of ED would vary between schools, and that school proportion of female students and proportion of parents with post-high school education would be associated with ED, after accounting for individual characteristics.
357
Sexual offending runs in families: A 37-year nationwide study
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published about 6 years ago
- Discuss
Sexual crime is an important public health concern. The possible causes of sexual aggression, however, remain uncertain.
354
Associations of sitting behaviours with all-cause mortality over a 16-year follow-up: the Whitehall II study
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published over 5 years ago
- Discuss
Sitting behaviours have been linked with increased risk of all-cause mortality independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Previous studies have tended to examine single indicators of sitting or all sitting behaviours combined. This study aims to enhance the evidence base by examining the type-specific prospective associations of four different sitting behaviours as well as total sitting with the risk of all-cause mortality.
333
Life course models: improving interpretation by consideration of total effects
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published over 4 years ago
- Discuss
Life course epidemiology has used models of accumulation and critical or sensitive periods to examine the importance of exposure timing in disease aetiology. These models are usually used to describe the direct effects of exposures over the life course. In comparison with consideration of direct effects only, we show how consideration of total effects improves interpretation of these models, giving clearer notions of when it will be most effective to intervene. We show how life course variation in the total effects depends on the magnitude of the direct effects and the stability of the exposure. We discuss interpretation in terms of total, direct and indirect effects and highlight the causal assumptions required for conclusions as to the most effective timing of interventions.
298
The association between intelligence and lifespan is mostly genetic
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published over 5 years ago
- Discuss
Several studies in the new field of cognitive epidemiology have shown that higher intelligence predicts longer lifespan. This positive correlation might arise from socioeconomic status influencing both intelligence and health; intelligence leading to better health behaviours; and/or some shared genetic factors influencing both intelligence and health. Distinguishing among these hypotheses is crucial for medicine and public health, but can only be accomplished by studying a genetically informative sample.
218
Epidemiology of Mycoplasma genitalium in British men and women aged 16-44 years: evidence from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published over 5 years ago
- Discuss
There are currently no large general population epidemiological studies of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), which include prevalence, risk factors, symptoms and co-infection in men and women across a broad age range.
194
Morbidity and mortality of people who live close to municipal waste landfills: a multisite cohort study
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published almost 5 years ago
- Discuss
The evidence on the health effects related to residing close to landfills is controversial. Nine landfills for municipal waste have been operating in the Lazio region (Central Italy) for several decades. We evaluated the potential health effects associated with contamination from landfills using the estimated concentration of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as exposure.
172
Inequalities in the uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published almost 8 years ago
- Discuss
BACKGROUND: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers an opportunity to reduce health inequalities associated with cervical cancer provided the vaccine is delivered equitably at population level.Method We reviewed evidence of inequalities in HPV vaccine uptake in young women after undertaking a comprehensive search of databases from inception to March 2012. Studies that compared HPV vaccination initiation and/or completion by at least one ethnicity or socioeconomic-related variable in adolescent young women were included. There were no language restrictions. Data were extracted by two reviewers and pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model; sub-analyses and meta-regression were undertaken to investigate sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: In all, 29 publications related to 27 studies were included in the review. Black young women were less likely to initiate HPV vaccination compared with White young women (combined OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.97). In the USA, young women without healthcare insurance were less likely to initiate (combined OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.40-0.78). There was no strong evidence that lower family income (combined OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34) or lower parental education (combined OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92-1.22) influenced HPV vaccination initiation. CONCLUSIONS: We found strong evidence for differences in HPV vaccination initiation by ethnicity and healthcare coverage, but did not find a strong association with parental education or family income variables. The majority of studies originated from the USA. Population-based studies reporting both initiation and completion of the HPV vaccination programme are required to establish patterns of uptake in different healthcare contexts.
157
Difficulty in detecting discrepancies in a clinical trial report: 260-reader evaluation
- OPEN
- International journal of epidemiology
- Published almost 6 years ago
- Discuss
Scientific literature can contain errors. Discrepancies, defined as two or more statements or results that cannot both be true, may be a signal of problems with a trial report. In this study, we report how many discrepancies are detected by a large panel of readers examining a trial report containing a large number of discrepancies.